How the hub-and-spoke model can transform the VET system

Australia has a huge pipeline of major infrastructure that requires individuals to be ‘on the tools’ - from the upcoming Olympics in Brisbane, the energy transition, hospitals, housing, and everything in between. The Vocational Education and Training (VET) sector (i.e. Technical and Further Education (TAFE) and other registered training organisations) is ultimately where these individuals will come from. In short, VET are the enablers of Australia’s future.

The majority of VET skills require substantial hands-on learning in a classroom environment which is significantly different to a university course. Traditionally, these were delivered face-to-face with a teacher, with a piece of equipment in hand. Yes, there are technologies like HoloLens (an augmented reality (AR)/virtual reality (VR) headset), but how often do you think of these in a TAFE environment?

No doubt, when driving in a major city or passing through an outer suburb, you would have seen a TAFE logo. TAFE campuses offer a substantial suite of hands-on course offerings, tailored to the demand of that region. For example, you can head to Cairns to become a marine pilot or undertake training in the Sunshine Coast to become a cyber security specialist. However, the majority of TAFEs offer a range of courses for everyone. You can choose to train in manufacturing, carpentry or hospitality, to name only a few, across most campuses.

To ensure equitable access to training while optimising resources, an opportunity exists for TAFE to embrace a hub-and-spoke model - a system where metro-based hubs act as centres of excellence, complemented by digitally connected regional spokes.

This model enhances accessibility, industry alignment, and technological integration, offering a blueprint for the future of VET delivery.

What is the hub-and-spoke model?

A spotlight on TAFE Queensland

The hub-and-spoke model is a change in the traditional teaching and learning pedagogy of TAFE Queensland where specialised training is centralised in hubs while extending access to students through smaller, digitally equipped campuses (spokes).

This approach allows students in major metropolitan areas or remote regions to receive high-quality, immersive education without requiring excessive travel.

In particular:

Metro hubs: Serve as advanced training centres with cutting-edge technology and industry partnerships
Regional spokes: Act as satellite campuses offering local access to training via digital platforms
Virtual delivery: Leverages AR/VR, digital twins, and smart classrooms to enhance learning.

By adopting this model, Queensland can address workforce shortages while increasing the efficiency and reach of VET training.

The role of digital connectivity

Advancements in digital technologies and learning tools, the role of artificial intelligence and the integration of digital platforms are gaining momentum and in some cases doubling every four months in their capabilities.

To function effectively, the hub-and-spoke model will require a robust digital ecosystem:

Metro hubs: Will require high-speed internet, interactive classrooms, and state-of-the-art industry simulators
Regional spokes: Will require two-way video capabilities, AR/VR technology, and modular classroom designs.

However, there are very few case studies to date that demonstrate the effective delivery of trade training in a virtual/digitally interconnected environment.

Strategic benefits of the hub-and-spoke model

Accessibility and connectivity

Hubs should be strategically located near major transport links (e.g. airports, regional transit hubs) to accommodate fly-in, fly-out (FIFO) workers and reduce travel burdens. Additionally, regional spokes ensure students from rural and remote areas can access high-quality training without relocating.

Industry demand and workforce alignment

As part of Queensland’s investment process in VET infrastructure, high-growth industries should be carefully considered.

For instance, the healthcare and social assistance sector is anticipated to create more than 162,487 jobs by 2034. The renewable energy sector is expected to generate over 100,000 new jobs driven by Queensland’s energy transition. Similarly, the manufacturing and advanced trades sector will be supported by investments like the Torbanlea Train Manufacturing Program.

The VET sector in Australia plays a crucial role in equipping individuals with practical skills and knowledge for various industries. Training in high-value sectors through VET can lead to the greatest outcomes for the Australian economy by:

Boosting productivity: Skilled workers are more productive, which enhances overall economic efficiency
Fostering innovation: Training in advanced technologies and digital skills can drive innovation across various sectors
Enhancing job security: Individuals with specialised skills are more likely to find stable and fulfilling employment.

By investing in VET, Australia can ensure a robust and adaptable workforce ready to meet the demands of the future economy.

Enhancing community and economic impact

TAFE facilities can act as multi-purpose assets, fostering community engagement and supporting economic development. Co-location with industry and universities (e.g. Tonsley Innovation Precinct in South Australia) strengthens employment pathways and innovation.

Implementing the hub-and-spoke model: Key considerations

As advancements in technology continue to progress, implementing a hub-and-spoke model in the VET sector becomes more feasible. While, the primary challenges lie in ensuring that staff are adequately trained to operate the equipment effectively and that students are willing to embrace the offerings provided by the spokes, the benefits of the hub and spoke model are clear, as outlined in the table below.

Large vs small hub-and-spoke networks

Factor	Large hub with multiple spokes	Smaller, decentralised hubs
Industry partnerships	Easier to attract major industry players	More targeted, niche partnerships
Operational costs	Higher due to infrastructure and staffing	Lower, but with limited scalability
Student Accessibility	May require some travel and accommodation	More localised but fewer course options

Conclusion

Queensland has an opportunity to redefine vocational education by embracing the hub-and-spoke model and therefore paving the way for Australia. This strategy enhances training efficiency, ensures equitable access, and aligns with Queensland’s economic and industry priorities. By investing in strategic hubs, digitally connected spokes, and immersive training technologies, Queensland can build a VET system that is future-proof, demand-driven, and globally competitive.

How BDO can help

Our breadth of specialisation enables us to work with key stakeholders and communities to help shape infrastructure projects. Speak with our project and infrastructure advisory team today to learn how we can assist with your next project.